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October 1 Oktoberfest now four days old (See October 12). German-American Heritage Month now half over (See October 15). October 3 Last native prince of Wales, Dafydd III, executed by English this day in 1283. Manx Constitutional Reform Movement initiated this day in 1903. October 4 St. Francis's Day, patron saint of untamed animals. Cornishman William Bligh of Mutiny on the Bounty fame, born this day in 1754. First artificial satellite, Sputink I, launched by Russia in 1957. October 5 First weekend in October: Tyrblot, pre-Christian celebration of justice and honor. October 6 German-American Day, anniversary of German immigrants' disembarking this day in 1683 from the Concord in Philadelphia, the first group immigration of Germans to America. Over 7 million followed them over the next 300 years making German-Americans the largest ethnic group in the U.S. In the 1990 census, one out of every four Americans reported German ancestry, including Germanic Swiss, Alsatians, Bavarians and Austrians. Charles Stewart Parnell, Irish statesman, died this day in 1891. October 7 Mass demonstrations begin this day in 1975 in Brittany to pressure France to maintain Breton language. October 8 Day of Remembrance for Erik the Red, father of Leif Erikson and devotee of Thor. October 9 Leif Erikson Day, commemorating the Viking explorer of North America. October 11 Celtic League American Branch established this day in 1974. October 12 Christopher Columbus Day, commemorating the worlds-joining explorer. Oktoberfest, a sixteen-day Bavarian celebration, first celebrated in 1810, ends this day. October 14 William, duke of Normandy, defeated King Harold in the Battle of Hastings this day in 1066. Approximate date of Winter Nights, pre-Christian honoring of the female ancestors. October 15 Final day of German-American Heritage Month, which began September 15. Birthday of philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, born in 1844. October 18 Society of United Irishmen hold first public meeting in Belfast this day in 1791. October 19 King Edward II lands at Brest with English forces to seize part of Brittany this day in 1342. Rebellion of Illiam Dhone, Manx patriot, this day in 1651. Irish author, Jonathan Swift, dies this day in 1745. English army surrenders at Yorktown this day in 1781 to American rebels against monarchy. October 20 St. Contard's Day, patron saint of universities and colleges. October 21 Irish National Land League founded in Dublin this day in 1879. Manx National Reform League Movement initiated this day in 1903. October 23 John Boyd Dunlop, Scottish inventor of pneumatic rubber tire died this day in 1921. October 24 St. Raphael's Day, patron saint of physicians. Irish Confederate rebels establish government at Kilkenny this day in 1642. October 25 Invasion of the Isle of Mann by Cromwell's forces this day in 1651. Harry George Ferguson, Irish inventor and aircraft designer, died this day in 1960. October 27 Captain James Cook, English explorer, born this day in 1728. Dylan Marlais Thomas, Welsh poet, born this day in 1914. October 28 St. Simon's Day, patron saint of messengers (and now the internet). October 29 Federation Regionaliste de Bretagne founded at Rennes, Brittany, this day in 1911. October 31 All-Hallows Eve, also known as Hollomas and Halloween. Final day of Celtic calendar, Samhain (pronounced
SOW-in). Celtic peoples are the elsh, Celtic new year's eve, Nos Calan Gaef
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